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New Test to Quickly Identify Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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A new test using peripheral vision reaction time could lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment of mild traumatic brain injury, often referred to as a concussion. Identify Brain Injury

A new test using peripheral vision reaction time could lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment of mild traumatic brain injury, often referred to as a concussion, according to Peter J. Bergold, PhD, professor of physiology and pharmacology at SUNY Downstate Medical Center and corresponding author of a study newly published online by the Journal of Neurotrauma.

While most patients with mild traumatic brain injury or concussion fully recover, a significant number do not, and earlier diagnosis could lead to better management of patients at risk for developing persistent symptoms, according to Dr. Bergold and his co-authors.

Lingering symptoms may include loss of concentration and/or memory, confusion, anxiety, headaches, irritability, noise and light sensitivity, dizziness, and fatigue.

“Mild traumatic brain injury is currently diagnosed with subjective clinical assessments,” says Dr. Bergold. “The potential utility of the peripheral vision reaction test is clear because it is an objective, inexpensive, and rapid test that identifies mild traumatic brain injury patients who have a more severe underlying injury.”

Dr. Bergold’s co-authors include colleagues from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; The University of Texas at Dallas; Washington University; the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and SUNY Downstate.

The article published by the Journal of Neurotrauma is titled “Measurement of Peripheral Vision Reaction Time Identifies White Matter Disruption in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.”

[embedyt] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKZnMC5vzhU[/embedyt]

Story Source:

Materials provided by SUNY Downstate Medical Center. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference:

  1. Kyle B. Womack, Christopher Paliotta, Jeremy F. Strain, Johnson S. Ho, Yosef Skolnick, William W. Lytton, L. Christine Turtzo, Roderick McColl, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Peter J. Bergold. Measurement of Peripheral Vision Reaction Time Identifies White Matter Disruption in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 2017; DOI:10.1089/neu.2016.4670

SUNY Downstate Medical Center. “New test may quickly identify mild traumatic brain injury with underlying brain damage.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 February 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170216120538.htm>.

 

What is a Diffuse Axonal Injury? (DAI)

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“As tissue slides over tissue, a shearing injury occurs. This causes the lesions that are responsible for unconsciousness, as well as the vegetative state that occurs after a severe head injury. A diffuse axonal injury also causes brain cells to die, which cause swelling in the brain.”
DAI is characterized by axonal separation, in which the axon is torn at the site of stretch and the part distal to the tear degrades. While it was once thought that the main cause of axonal separation was tearing due to mechanical forces during the trauma, it is now understood that axons are not typically torn upon impact; rather, secondary biochemical cascades, which occur in response to the primary injury (which occurs as the result of mechanical forces at the moment of trauma) and take place hours to days after the initial injury, are largely responsible for the damage to axons.
Though the processes involved in secondary brain injury are still poorly understood, it is now accepted that stretching of axons during injury causes physical disruption to and proteolytic degradation of the cytoskeleton.[1] It also opens sodium channels in the axolemma, which causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open and Ca2+ to flow into the cell. The intracellular presence of Ca2+ unleashes several different pathways, including activating phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes, damaging mitochondria and the cytoskeleton, and activating secondary messengers, which can lead to separation of the axon and death of the cell.

Myths & Facts About TBI

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There are numerous basic confusions or myths about cerebrum wounds among kids. Some of these myths were accepted to be valid before. Others are ‘clinical legend’ that has been passed starting with one educator, clinician or doctor then onto the next.

 

Myth 1: When an understudy looks great, they are completely recuperated.

Reality: The better an understudy looks, the harder it is to perceive their learning and intellectual needs. This is basic on the grounds that physical recuperation commonly precedes intellectual recuperation and occurs at a quicker rate. Frequently understudies are misidentified as having consideration or learning issues after their physical wounds have mended.

Myth 2: A mellow mind harm (blackout) is gentle and less harming than other cerebrum wounds.

Certainty: Although around 90% of individuals who have blackouts recuperate, this is not the situation for everybody. Blackout, whiplash and other “gentle” cerebrum wounds can have durable, incapacitating impacts that need intercession.

Myth 3: Younger people mend better – a youthful mind can recuperate itself, or the part that may have been harmed isn’t created yet.

Certainty: A more youthful mind is more powerless against harm in light of the fact that undeveloped parts develop from the beforehand harmed territories; this makes future improvement hard to foresee.

Myth 4: An understudy who tests in the ordinary range can learn new material well.

Truth: Evaluations regularly test already learned data, not how an understudy adapts new data. A superior expectation of an understudy’s capacity to learn new data is to educate new data and after that test for comprehension. Additionally consider the understudy’s capacity to screen out clamor and movement, which are constants in many classrooms.

Myth 5: Recovery will take ‘about’ a year.

Certainty: When a tyke has a cerebrum damage, the idea of recuperation might deceive. Recuperation ordinarily implies somebody has lost capacities briefly and will recapture them, for example, a broken arm. For a man with a cerebrum damage, despite the fact that they may look the same the progressions are in all likelihood durable and modification is a continuous procedure.

Myth 6: How rapidly a tyke recoups from a cerebrum damage depends predominantly on how hard they function at recuperating.

Actuality: No two youngsters with cerebrum wounds are indistinguishable and recuperation shifts broadly between kids with comparable wounds. It is uncalled for to an understudy to gain expectations or judgments about their ground.

Myth 7: If the cerebrum damage were truly extraordinary, the understudy would have been in the clinic for quite a while.

Certainty: Some youngsters with genuine mind wounds don’t have similar options accessible to them that grown-ups accomplish for recovery programs. School is the place most kids get restoration after a cerebrum harm.

“Kay T, Lezak M. (1990). The Nature of Head Injury. In D.W. Cothell , ed. Traumatic Brain Injury and Vocational Rehabilitation. (21-65). Monomonie, WI The Research and Training Center, University of Wisconsin-Stout,

Wedel Sellars, C. and Hill Vegter, C. (2008). The Young Child: Myths and Facts about Brain Injury. (2nd Ed.). Lash Associates.”

Adapted from:

Kay T Lezak M. (1990). The Nature of Head Injury. In D.W. Cothell , ed.Traumatic Brain Injury and Vocational Rehabilitation.(21-65). Monomonie, WI: The Research and Training Center, University of Wisconsin-Stout.

Wedel Sellars, C. and Hill Vegter, C. (2008).The Young Child: Myths and Facts about Brain Injury.(2nd Ed.). Lash Associates